Description overdue on 30.05.2012

TB drugs . The mechanism of action is directed to inhibition of the process of synthesizing mikolievyh acids Which is a very important component in the wall structure mycobacteria . Isoniazid acts bactericidal. High efficiency observed when exposed to bystrorazmnozhayuschiesya bacteria, including those located intracellularly. Isoniazid is produced in the form of a solution, tablets.

Indications:

Isoniazid is prescribed for tuberculosis. The drug is used in combination therapy for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in adults and children, is effective in tuberculous lesions at any site. Isoniazid child is appointed for the same reasons as adults.

Contraindications:

Isoniazid does not apply to drug-induced hepatitis , Intolerance to the main substances in the pathology of hepatic system. With seizures , Renal failure, alcoholism, pregnancy, hypertension, angina pectoris, hypothyroidism   and decompensated CVD Isoniazid used with caution.

Side effect:

Nervous system:   irritability, headache, fatigue, euphoria , Paresthesia, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy , Numbness, depression, mood changes, psychosis, polyneuritis . Patients with epilepsy   while taking the drug increased frequency of possible seizures. Cardiovascular system : High blood pressure, angina, heart palpitations. The digestive tract: toxic hepatitis , Gastralgia, vomiting, nausea. Perhaps the development of arthralgia, pruritus, pyrexia, rash. Rarely marked menorrhagia, gynecomastia , A tendency to hemorrhage, bleeding.

Overdose:

Manifested dysarthria , Dizziness, hyperreflexia . disorientation , Lethargy, dysarthria, metabolic acidosis . peripheral polyneuropathy , Ketonuria, glucosuria, convulsions, hyperglycemia, disorders of the liver, coma. Treatment includes the administration of B vitamins, niacinamide, glutamic acid, physiotherapy, massage.

Mode of application:

Isoniazid take on 600-900mg per day in three divided doses after meals. The daily dosage of the drug Isoniazid child - 5-15 mg / kg / day. The drug is administered intramuscularly at 5-15 mg / kg. Intravenous infusion is carried out for 30-60 seconds at 10-15 mg / kg as a 10% solution, treatment designed for 30-150 injections. After intravenous infusion is required strict bed rest. For the prevention of tuberculosis Isoniazid taken orally at 5 mg / kg in two or intramuscularly 1 time per day to 300mg. In severe cardiopulmonary diseases, pregnancy, hypertension, total atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease Isoniazid is not appointed at a dose of more than 10mg / kg.

Special instructions:

For the purpose of slowing down the development of drug resistance is prescribed in conjunction with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. Before use test for determining the rate of inactivation of isoniazid due to differences in metabolic rate. In the case of registration of the fast inactivation of the drug is prescribed at higher dosages. With a high likelihood of developing peripheral neuritis (in patients with alcoholism, pregnancy, patients with diabetes, chronic renal failure, impaired nutrition) should be administered at a dose of pyridoxine 10-25mg per day. It is important during TB treatment to avoid eating fish (Skipjack, sardine, tuna), Cheshire and Swiss cheese, otherwise there is a violation of metabolism. Isoniazid is able to provoke hyperglycaemia and secondary glucosuria . The drug does not affect the result of enzymatic tests for sugar, but can cause a false positive result for the test with the restoration of cupric. During the period of TB treatment may increase bilirubin, AST, ALT without showing certain symptoms. In the case of registration of signs of toxic hepatitis Isoniazid overturned.

Drug Interactions:

Nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity is increased when the body of paracetamol. Isoniazid is capable of inducing cytochrome P450 system, leading to increased metabolism of acetaminophen to the most toxic substances. Isoniazid accelerates alcohol metabolism, increases its hepatotoxity . The drug reduces the metabolism of theophylline, which leads to an increase in its concentration. A similar effect is observed in the interaction with alfentanilom . Disulfiram and cycloserine can increase the severity of a side effect of the drug on the central nervous system. Simultaneous administration there is an increase of hepatotoxicity rifampicin . The risk of peripheral neuritis reduced the appointment of pyridoxine. Isoniazid may increase the efficacy of benzodiazepines indandiona, theophylline, karbamazepani due to lower their metabolic activation of cytochrome P450. Isoniazid concentration of drug ketoconazole reduces blood. With simultaneous admission medication with enflurane significantly increases the risk of formation of inorganic fluoride metabolite, which has a strong nephrotoxic effects.