Description overdue on 06-06-2012

Semisynthetic antibiotic . Low concentrations of the drug have bactericidal action   for chlamydia, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Rickettsia, Legionella, Mycobacterium leprae. High concentrations of the drug active against gram-negative flora. Rifampicin is an anti-TB medicines of the first row. The high activity observed when exposed to Staphylococcus, Clostridium, gonococci, meningococci . The drug affects the extracellular and intracellular located bacteria. The mechanism of action is based on inhibition of RNA polymerase of microorganisms. Cross-resistance to other antibacterial agents not registered. When rifampicin monotherapy experienced a rapid development of the breeding of microorganisms to antibiotics. Rifampin is available in the form of tablets, capsules, lyophilizate.

Indications:

Rifampin is used in a combination therapy for all forms of tuberculosis, of leprosy. At multibacillary form of leprosy   an antibiotic is prescribed, together with dapsone. The drug is prescribed for brucellosis, infectious diseases, meningococcal meningitis .

Contraindications:

Rifampicin is not used during breast feeding, jaundice, intolerance of the basic substance, infants, with severe cardiopulmonary failure, with renal disease, infectious hepatitis . When pregnancy Rifampicin is used for "life" readings.

Side effect:

The digestive tract: pseudomembranous enterocolitis , Vomiting, disturbance of appetite, nausea, increased liver enzymes, hepatitis, hyperbilirubinemia, diarrhea, erosive gastritis . Nervous system: disorientation , Blurred vision, headache, ataxia. Urogenital: interstitial nephritis, nefronekroz. Perhaps the development of   hyperuricemia , Myasthenia gravis, leukopenia, allergies, exacerbation of gout dysmenorrhea , Infuktsii porphyria. If the irregular use of the drug may develop a flu-like condition: myalgia , Chills, fever, dizziness, headaches.

Overdose:

Manifested confusion, convulsive syndrome , Pulmonary edema. It should be gastric lavage, forced diuresis, receiving enterosorbents.

Mode of application:

Rifampicin is taken orally, injected intravenously .  Tablets are taken half an hour before meals, on an empty stomach .  In the treatment of tuberculosis Rifampicin should be combined with other anti-TB drugs (ethambutol, pyrazinamide, isoniazid) .  Adults appoint 450 mg a day for children 10-20 mg .  The day of not more than 600 mg .  The combination of TB with HIV tuberculous lesion process of the spine with neurological symptoms, disseminated tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis: 2 months Rifampicin is used with pyrazinamide, isoniazid, ethambutol, streptomycin, the next 7 months, combined with the antibiotic isoniazid .  Upon detection of mycobacteria in sputum, pulmonary tuberculosis patient administered form one of three schemes antimicrobial therapy using in combination with other drugs .  Multibacillary kinds of leprosy (border, lepromatous mixed): 1 once a month along with 600 mg of dapsone 1 per day, 100 mg and clofazimine (300 mg 1 time per month, 50 mg daily) .  Pausibatsillyarnye kinds of leprosy (tuberculoid border, simple tuberculoid): 1 once a month along with 600 mg of dapsone 100 mg daily therapy designed for half a year .  Therapy brucellosis: single 900 mg on an empty stomach in the morning, along with doxycycline, the course is designed for 45 days .  Prevention of meningococcal meningitis: 600 mg every 12 hours, the rate for 2 days .

Special instructions:

Antibiotic therapy can lead to staining of urine, lacrimal fluid, faeces, sweat, skin and mucus in reddish color. Perhaps resistant coloring contact lenses. Intravenous infusion of rifampicin are conducted under the supervision of blood pressure. Long-term therapy results in the formation phlebitis . For the prevention of drug resistance is used in combination with other antibiotics, antimicrobial agents. When registering a flu-like syndrome (without bronchospasm hemolytic anemia , Shortness of breath, kidney failure, shock, thrombocytopenia) in patients who are taking medication for intermittent scheme, physician should consider switching to everyday antibiotics. In this case, increasing the dose is slow, the titration takes 3-4 days. It requires regular monitoring of the state of the renal system, application of glucocorticoids. Rifampicin is used during pregnancy only for health reasons. Prescribing antibiotics in the last days of gestation pregnancy can cause bleeding in the newborn, as well as postpartum hemorrhage   mother. In such cases, it recommended the appointment of vitamin C. Women in the period of antibiotic therapy should protects against pregnancy. In carrying out prevention bacilli carrier   meningococcus require strict control group for the early detection of the symptoms of the development of resistance to antimicrobial medicines. Long flowing therapy requires regular monitoring of the condition of the liver, peripheral blood. The drug affects the performance levels of vitamin B12 and folate in serum.

Drug Interactions:

Rifampicin reduces the activity of digitalis preparations, oral hypoglycemic medications anticoagulants , Contraceptives, antiarrhythmics   (tocainide, pirmenol, disopyramide, mexiletine, quinidine), phenytoin, dapsone, corticosteroids, ketoconazole, dloramfenikola, hormones, benzodiazepines, nortriptyline, hexobarbital, cyclosporine, cimetidine, epalaprila, BCCI, beta-blockers, azathioprine (rifampin can accelerate the metabolism of caused by induction of hepatic enzymes operedelennyh system). Ketoconazole , Anticholinergics, opiates, antacids reduce the bioavailability of the antibiotic component. At the same time taking pyrazinamide or isoniazid enhanced hepatotoxic effects. PAS drugs can be administered after 4 hours after administration of rifampicin for preventing absorption.