Description overdue on 07.06.2012

Antibiotic . Active substance relates to Groups aminoglikozidov. The principle is based on the effects of damage to the cell membrane of the microorganism, blocking production of proteins, the current abuse of the process of formation of a complex matrix and transfer RNA. The basic substance penetrates inside microorganism cells and binds to a specific receptor proteins. Kanamycin effect on gram-negative flora, Gram-positive bacteria, Proteus, staphylococci, neisserial, Shigella, esherihii coli klebsiely salmonella. Strains of these microorganisms do not respond to the action of erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, penicillin. The drug has no effect on protozoa, yeasts, anaerobic flora, viruses, streptococcus. Kanamycin is available in tablet form, in the form of eye films, solution, concentrate, powder.

Indications:

Kanamycin is prescribed for a variety of infectious diseases. When pleural empyema, pneumonia, tuberculosis Infected burns, infections of the biliary tract, nervous system, respiratory, abdominal, joint, bone, cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis and other infectious lesions of the urinary system, as well as in sepsis and after surgery medication is administered parenterally. Tablet form of the drug indicated for hepatic coma enterocolitis , Dysentery bacteria carrying, dysentery , Intestinal infections, before operations on the organs of the digestive tract. Eye film kanamycin are used in ulcerative lesions of the cornea, with blepharitis , Bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis .

Contraindications:

Kanamycin is not applicable with neuritis 8 pairs of cranial nerves, with pregnancy , Hypersensitive to aminoglycosides. When botulism, Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, infants and the elderly, as well as renal pathology of an antibiotic is prescribed with caution when evaluating the extent of the importance of its application.

Side effect:

Alimentary tract : Bloating, diarrhea, oily stools, frothy stools, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, increased liver enzymes, nausea, vomiting. Bodies of blood: thrombocytopenia , Leukopenia, anemia, granulocytopenia.   Nervous system: neurotoxic action   manifested in epileptic seizures, paresthesia, tingling, numbness, clonus , There is weakness, drowsiness, headaches, respiratory arrest due nrausheniya nevrno muscle transmission.   Senses:   Kanamycin has ototoxic effects that manifest hearing loss to deafness, pledging in his ears ringing. The drug affects the vestibular system, causing vomiting, nausea, dizziness, discoordination movements . Urinary system:   nephrotoxicity, albuminuria, microscopic hematuria, tsilinduriya, thirst , Increased frequency of urination. Perhaps the development of   angioedema , Fever, itching, skin rash. The use of eye film evokes a feeling of a foreign body in the eye for a few minutes, can cause flushing of the eyelids, swelling and tearing.

Overdose:

Manifested toxic reactions in the form thirst, reduce appetite, ataxia , Hearing loss, dizziness, loss of appetite, breathing problems, laying in the ears, tinnitus, nausea. Hemodialysis conducted for lifting the blockade of neuromuscular transmission, elimination of its consequences. Also effective calcium salts anticholinesterases Applying peritoneal dialysis .

Mode of application:

Kanamitsin administered orally, intramuscularly, intracisternally, intravenously kapelno .  A single dose by intravenous drip infusion is 0, 5 grams, diluted with 200 ml of 5% dextrose solution, the rate of administration of 60-80 drops per minute .  Infectious lesions nontuberculous etiology antibiotic is administered in a single dose of 0, 5 grams, per day is not more than 2 grams .  The duration of antimicrobial therapy is 5-7 days .  In tuberculosis Kanamycin injected intramuscularly 1 time per day for one gram, or the dose is divided into 2 doses at 0, 5 grams .  In the preoperative period for the purpose of bowel disease adult prescribe an antibiotic at 0, 75 grams every 5 hours, not more than 4 grams per day .  Hepatic encephalopathy: 2-3 grams inside every 6 hours .  In articular, pleural, peritoneal cavity washings administered 0, 25% solution in an amount of 10-50 ml .  To perform peritoneal dialysis kanamycin 1-2 grams dissolved in 500 ml of dialysis fluid .  Aerosol inhalation can be carried out with a solution for injections 2-4 times a day 250 mg .  Intraperitoneally administered as a 2, a 5% solution of 500 mg .  Eye film is removed from the bottle or canister with sterile ophthalmic tweezers, fingers, pulled lower lid and lay the film into the space between the eyeball and eyelid, and then the lid is lowered, holding the eye stationary, quiescent state for a minute to moisten the eye of the film and the subsequent transition her in a soft, rubbery state .  Palpebral of the film apply up to two times a day .

Special instructions:

The risk of nephrotoxicity is significantly increased in patients with severe renal pathology system. During antimicrobial therapy required monitoring of the state of the vestibular apparatus, auditory nerve , Renal system operation. In the case of registration of unsatisfactory results of audiometric tests drug cancel or reduce his dosage. Aminoglycosides can penetrate in small quantities in breast milk, but the complication in infants not been registered since poor absorption of the drug from the digestive tract. Patients with inflammatory, infectious lesions of the urinary tract is required during treatment to drink more fluids. On the development of of bacterial resistance can testify the absence of of positive dynamics, that the requires a change of antibacterial agent. Do not recommended to carry out infusion of undiluted of kanamycin in mind of risk of development neuromuscular blockade . With   hepatic coma   Kanamycin is used for long-term suppression of the bacterial intestinal flora to reduce the toxicity of ammonia.

Drug Interactions:

Kanamycin increases muscle relaxant effect polymyxins general anesthetics , Curariform drugs, reduces the effectiveness of antimiastenicheskih funds . FROM gentamicin , Streptomycin, heparin, penicillin, viomycin, nitrofurantoin, erythromycin, amphotericin B, capreomycin, cephalosporins medicine pharmaceutically compatible. Cephalosporins , Penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of aminoglycoside in patients with severe renal failure. Vancomycin , Cisplatin, polymyxin, nalidixic acid are rising the probability of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity . NPVS, sulfonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, diuretics, especially furosemide reinforce neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity at the expense of blocking of elimination of of aminoglycosides at a competition for their active the secretion of in nefronovyh tubules, that in the eventually conducts to increase of their concentration in the the blood serum. When intraperitoneal administration of the risk of antibiotic   apnea   It increases significantly, while the body is cyclopropane . Parenteral receipt of indomethacin increases the likelihood of toxic effects of aminoglycosides due to lower clearance and longer half-life. Stop breathing, renal toxicity observed when administered polymyxins, methoxyflurane, narcotic analgesics .