Description overdue on 01.02.2012

Antifungal . Itrazol - a synthetic antifungal drug for systemic use, has a broad spectrum antifungal action, it is derived   triazole , An active substance is itraconazole . Itraconazole inhibits the synthesis ergosterol   cytoplasmic cell membrane of the fungus. Effective against members of the genus dermatophytes   (Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton floccosum), has a fungistatic action against fungi of the genus Candida   (including Candida glabrata et al.) is shown against   molds   (Histoplasma, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus, Blastomyces dermatidis, Paracoccidioides braziliensis, Fonsecaea, Sporothrix schenckii, Cladosporium). Bioavailability is high, increases in the case of the drug Itrazol immediately after the main meal. Itrazola high concentration (higher than the concentration in the blood plasma) was observed in the liver, musculoskeletal system, the spleen and stomach. Maximum drug has tropism towards skin tissues, including the nail plate and hair. Effective long-term use, with the defeat of the nail bed that we estimate the effect after 6-9 months of therapy. It is metabolized in the liver, the metabolites also have itraconazole antimycotic activity . The half-life from plasma Itrazola - up to one and a half days. A significant portion of the drug is excreted in the urine, the rest - with the feces. It should be remembered that some Itrazola accumulates in the skin and nail tissues and excretion of these substances fabrics made much slower, which allows them to achieve high concentrations of itraconazole.

Indications:

Itrazol shown in dermatology for treatment dermatomycoses .   fungal keratitis . onychomycosis That is caused by dermatophyte fungi of the genus or genus Candida. Indications for use Itrazola a system mycosis . candidiasis   and systemic aspergillosis . Also, the drug is effective in the treatment of cryptococcosis   (including Cryptococcus meningitis ) histoplasmosis , Sporotrichosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis   and other systemic or tropical mycoses. Treatable Itrazolom kandidomikoz In which there is damage mucosal (including vulvovaginal candidiasis) and skin. For other indications for this are Itrazola chromophytosis   and deep visceral candidiasis.

Contraindications:

Itrazol should not be given to children unless there is evidence of life. This was true of patients with Heart Failure   the third stage, in violation of the liver parenchyma, which is accompanied by severe impairment. For the treatment of pregnant Itrazol can be used only when the projected benefit of therapy outweighs the hypothetical risk of disease and malformations of the fetus. The above is true of the application Itrazola breastfeeding.

Side effect:

Digestive tract : Epigastric pain, nausea, there may be irregularities in the bowel, which will manifest itself constipation   or diarrhea . Nervous system : Headache, cerebellar or vestibular symptoms, dizziness, ringing in the ears. In rare cases, possible violations of the visual analyzer, watery eyes. Allergic reactions of the skin rash, redness of the skin, hives, itching and burning. In extreme cases, developing polymorphic exudative erythema   and even necrosis of the individual sections of the skin. Rare complications of therapy Itrazolom include alopecia, dysmenorrhea , Menstrual disorders, the development of heart failure congestive a small circle of blood circulation. Possible liver damage, up to toxic hepatitis accession signs of liver failure ( hyperbilirubinemia , An increase of transaminases).

Mode of application:

For best suction Itrazol drug (in the form of capsules containing 100 milligrams of the drug) should be taken after meals. The capsules are swallowed whole recommended. Depending on the nature of the disease is possible to use the following schemes: to treat onychomycosis using the so-called pulse therapy : It consists in taking Itrazola day two capsules twice a day for one week.

In the treatment of fungal infections of the nails of hands and feet there are some differences. So, for the treatment of fingernails recommend two courses of pulse therapy and for the treatment of fungal infections of nails feet need to increase the number of courses to three. The interval between courses when Itrazol not accepted, is three weeks. Clinical results and efficiency necessary to estimate only upon completion of the full course of therapy, that up to four weeks in the treatment of fungal infections of the skin, and up to ten weeks in the treatment of onychomycosis. Furthermore pulse therapy can be used and the scheme of continuous therapy: in this case take Itrazol once daily at a dose of 200 mg over three months.

Special instructions:

An overdose is practically impossible, but with the appearance of significant side reactions should produce gastric lavage, and then assign chelators. No specific antidote. In patients with a shift in the immune system (AIDS, organ transplantation in the recent past, a change in the morphological structure of blood) is required dosage increase. If a patient cirrhosis   or renal insufficiency Itrazol prescribed under the constant control of itraconazole concentration in the plasma, and only in the case where the predicted effect of the treatment is higher than the risk of possible liver damage. If you choose the tactics of treatment in which the drug is given more than one month, it is necessary to systematically monitor the activity of liver enzymes and other laboratory parameters to check the state of the body (the level of direct and indirect bilirubin content coagulation factors , Amount of protein in blood plasma). When the progression or symptoms of liver malfunction Itrazol should be abolished. When neuropathy ( disorders of the peripheral nervous system ) To discontinue treatment.

Drug Interactions:

Itrazol influences the metabolism of drugs which are metabolized in the body by the liver with Cytochrome P450 . This applies to terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, midazolam, methylprednisolone, triazolam, anticoagulants , Quinidine, tacrolimus, cyclosporin and vincristine. As to metabolism of the itraconazole, those drugs which inhibit the activity of cytochrome P450 (ritonavir clarithromycin Indinavir), increase bioavailability   Itrazola. Have the opposite effect of rifampicin, isoniazid   and phenytoin - they increase the activity of microsomal oxidation, accelerating the destruction of itraconazole in the liver. Drugs commonly used in the treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer (antacids holinoblokatory, hydrogen pump blockers, histamine receptor blockers) slow down the absorption of itraconazole and therefore do not take Itrazol if the above drugs taken less than two hours ago. In combination with cisapride Itrazol enhances the toxicity of the latter, the risk of ventricular arrhythmias.