Description overdue on 02.06.2012

Antihypertensives .   The active substance - Clonidine is a central alpha-agonists. The mechanism of action is based on stimulation of postsynaptic alpha-2-adrenergic receptors located in the vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata, on reducing the flow of sympathetic impulses to the presynaptic level to the heart and blood vessels. The drug reduces heart rate, reduces the IOC, PR. The drug has a central action. With rapid intravenous infusion of registered short-term drop in blood pressure caused by stimulation of postsynaptic alpha 1-adrenergic receptors located in the walls of blood vessels. Klofellin reduces blood flow in the brain, increases the tone of the cerebral vessels, increases renal blood flow, and has a strong sedative effects. The drug acts within 6-12 hours. When backfilling in klofellina conjunctival sac   marked drop in intraocular pressure. The effect is due to the stimulation of adrenergic receptors in the local contact, which leads to a decrease in production of intraocular fluid, improving its outflow, weakening of sympathetic tone. Clonidine is produced in the form of eye drops, tablets, solution.

Indications:

Clonidine is used for hypertensive crisis , Arterial hypertension (including the renal disease) in pheochromocytoma (for troubleshooting), acute myocardial infarction (during nediagnostirovanii symptoms of cardiogenic shock), and dysmenorrhea , Headaches of vascular origin, withdrawal syndrome in patients with drug addiction (comprehensive treatment), the syndrome of Gilles de la Tourette, with nicotine addiction. Eye drops are used Klofellin in primary open-angle glaucoma.

Contraindications:

Clonidine does not apply expressly atherosclerosis, depression, intolerance of clonidine, atrioventricular block grade 2-3, in cardiogenic shock, hypotension, obliterating arterial diseases, pregnancy, simultaneous administration of ethanol, tricyclic antidepressants, breastfeeding. If renal failure and recent myocardial drug Clonidine is used with caution.

Side effect:

The digestive tract:   decreased appetite, dry mouth, decreased gastric secretion, constipation , Vomiting, nausea. Nervous system:   "Nightmarish", vivid dreams, depression, nervousness, anxiety, slowing of motor and mental reactions, somnolence,   asthenia . Cardiovascular system:   short-term drop in blood pressure upon intravenous infusion, orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia.   Genito-urinary system : Decreased libido, potency disorders. Perhaps the development of "gemitonovogo crisis" with a sharp lifting of the drug, swelling of the ankles, Raynaud's syndrome . The local use of eye drops observed burning eyes, dryness of the conjunctiva. Among the systemic reactions are the most common: bradycardia, constipation, drowsiness.

Overdose:

Manifested slowing atrioventricular conduction, decrease in blood pressure, collapse, respiratory depression, impaired consciousness, broadening of the QRS complex on the ECG, early repolarization syndrome , Hypothermia, cramps, lethargy. Therapy is conducted posindromnaya.

Mode of application:

Clonidine taken regardless of meals inside. Initial dosage 0, 075 mg three times a day. If necessary, the dosage was increased to 0, 9 grams per day. Elderly patients with concomitant atherosclerosis appoint 0, 0375 three times a day. The drug is withdrawn gradually over the past two weeks. Dysmenorrhea 14 days prior to menses, as well as during the cycle take on 0, 025 mg twice a day. When hypertensive crisis Clonidine is used sublingually, intramuscularly, intravenously, 0, 15 mg. Before intravenous infusion jet Clonidine is dissolved in sodium chloride, the drug is administered 10 minutes. Clonidine instilled drops 2-4 times a day in each conjunctival sac 1-2 drops. Therapy begins with the application of 0, 25% solution. If no required level of intraocular pressure apply 0, 5% solution. When registering significant side effects concentration of the solution was lowered to 0 and 125%.

Special instructions:

In today's medical practice clonidine is almost never used because of the pronounced, sharp, short-term reduction of blood pressure levels with subsequent increase in the so-called "Gemitonovye crises" . The drug is not recommended during withdrawal syndrome   patients with addiction, with vasomotor disturbances in the background Menopause   and dysmenorrhea, acute myocardial infarction. In such cases, the preferred assignment imidazoline receptor agonists. With prolonged use of clonidine required to control intraocular pressure. In order to prevent orthostatic hypotension   For intravenous infusion the patient should be in a horizontal position. During treatment offers the possibility of weakly positive Coombs' test. Clonidine affect the transportation management attention. In the absence of effect of the use of eye drops during the 2-day drug overturned. In order to prevent the development of systemic side effects after instillation is recommended to press a finger projection conjunctival sac for 1-2 minutes.

Drug Interactions:

Clonidine increases the impact of drugs that inhibit the work of the central nervous system, ethanol. Antihistamine agents, diuretics , Vasodilators increase the effect of clonidine, and anorectics,   tricyclic antidepressants , Sympathomimetic NSAIDs on the contrary, weaken the effectiveness. In appointing cardiac glycosides , Beta-blockers increase the risk of atrioventricular block, bradycardia . Eye drops Clonidine is not recommended to be used with neuroleptics , Antidepressants.