November 24, 2011

Pemphigus   - A disease which is characterized by the appearance of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes with no signs of inflammation. They develop as a result of acantholysis   and if not immediately apply the right approach to treatment, the disease can quickly spread to the entire skin. This complication may even lead to death. This disease is more prevalent in men older than 35-year milestone. Pemphigus equally often develops in people of both sexes. In rare cases, pemphigus can hurt children. According to recent studies, the number of cases of pemphigus not more than 1, 5% of the number of dermatosis .

Types and symptoms of pemphigus

Today distinguish four types of pemphigus: vulgaris, leaf-shaped, vegetating and   seborrheic (erythematous) . All these forms of pemphigus, except for leaf-amaze buccal mucosa . The most commonly encountered today, day infection pemphigus vulgaris. This form of pemphigus in most cases the rash appears on the mucous membrane of the mouth. And even ate the first symptom is a skin lesion, a little later in the oral mucosa lesions still occur. Bubbles later opened, and in their place there are red or covered with white bloom erosion That surround fragments epithelial , Is a remnant of the bubble skin. The general condition of patients is gradually broken, patients complain of weakness, their body temperature rises. Later slows epithelialization of erosions , There are problems with eating increases cachexia And if the patient does not receive appropriate treatment, then after a certain time (from six months to two years) can occur death.

In the early stages of development vegetating pemphigus   It extends approximately the same as in the ordinary. At first, it affects the mucous membranes in the mouth. As a rule, the majority of the bubbles are located around the natural openings in the skin folds. For example, bubbles can appear in the folds of the groin, axillary folds, under the breasts and in the area around the navel. Later, after the opening of bubbles on the surface of any erosions appear papillomatoznye sprawl . They cover a grayish patina.

When leaf-pemphigus on the skin surface appear special bubbles - sluggish, with thin tires flat. Then the tire quickly enough breaks, exposed to erosion. Also, the lid can ssohnutsya skin and form a thin crust, scales, similar to the plate. They grow on top of each other and this phenomenon in a short time spread over the skin surface. Pemphigus continues as erythroderma   krupnoplastinchatym with desquamation. In this form of the disease mucous membranes generally are not affected. This disease can take several years.

The first symptoms seborrheic pemphigus   are lesions, which have yellow flakes or brown. They are fairly easy to remove, and on the surface of the bottom they have small white spines. These lesions appear on the face, and sometimes - in the hairy part of the head. If the cover is removed, the surface remains moist erosions. Later, bubbles begin to appear on the back and chest, at least - on the hands and feet. Bubbles are fast in their place are brown crust. Thus the appearance of bubbles patient may not even notice: crusting happens very quickly. Symptoms are similar to the process flow seborrheic dermatitis . The disease can last a very long time, for it is usually benign.

Diagnosis of pemphigus

For the diagnosis' Pemphigus "is necessary to study the clinical picture. It is also guided by the presence of a positive expert symptom Nikolsky Which makes acantholysis . This phenomenon suggests that while pulling the remains of tires bladder erosion becomes more voluminous due process perifocal detachment of epidermal cells . Also acantholytic diagnosis confirms the presence of cells that due acantholysis   We lost touch with each other. These cells are found in the smears, which take a fresh surface erosion. Acantholytic cell   It has a large nucleus, which occupies almost the entire cell, as it is characterized by non-uniform staining cytoplasm .

If the disease is severe, it is a positive sign of Nikolsky find even in the course of research, without skin lesions. To do this quite easily rub the skin with your fingers. Next to the bladder and even away from the top layers of skin are peeled off, and there is erosion. While pressing on the bladder also occurs perifocal epithelium detachment .

If the diagnosis is difficult to establish, in the dermatological hospital or STI clinic takes place histological examination   skin or mucosal lesions. To do this, use a special immunofluorescence, allows to detect antibodies Which refers to an immunoglobulin class G. In the diagnosis of pemphigus is important to differentiate it from Guzhero-Hailey disease That is, benign pemphigus seed. With this diagnosis acantholysis expressed weakly and Nikolsky's sign   It is negative.

Treatment of pemphigus

Treatment of all forms of the disease necessarily be carried out in the dermatological hospital. The complex treatment includes reception corticosteroids That should be taken in large doses. Also, patients are assigned cytostatics   and other drugs. Such patients have to constantly stay on the account at a specialist dermatologist regularly, despite the recovery, taking corticosteroids. For this purpose, it appointed a special maintenance dose of funds. Corticosteroid treatment is usually combined with intake of anabolic steroid hormones and drugs calcium, potassium, deoxyribonuclease, ascorbic acid . Cancelling corticosteroid therapy is unacceptable under any circumstances, otherwise it could exacerbate pemphigus. Through the use of modern methods of treatment of the disease failed three times to reduce mortality.

Viral pemphigus

Viral pemphigus   It is a widespread childhood disease. It manifests tumor in the mouth, on the feet, on the hands. In some cases, tumors also occur on the buttocks and legs. If the tumor appears in the mouth, it can be difficult to receive the food. However, the disease is not dangerous and independently runs a week. As a rule, the virus most frequently pemphigus appears in autumn and spring. Provoking the emergence of viral pemphigus in children enterovirus   (ie intestinal virus). He can very easily spread through coughing and sneezing . The virus also can be transmitted through the stool of a sick child. Symptoms usually occur a few days after exposure to the virus.

Infect a child may feel very tired. He may sore throat, body temperature rise. About a day later lesions appear in the above mentioned places. Sometimes even before the advent of blisters   develops a rash. Special treatment is needed - the disease runs its own. During the illness, it is important to refrain from spicy, sour and spicy food to avoid irritation of the mouth.

Prevention pemphigus

As a precaution pemphigus used maintenance therapy with corticosteroids, which should be used long term. It is important to constantly monitor sugar level in the blood and urine, blood pressure . In order to forestall the spread of the virus pemphigus should be as often as possible and wash your hands to adhere to other personal hygiene.