Description overdue on 04.06.2012

Neuroleptics, antipsychotic . The active ingredient is butyrophenone derivatives. Haloperidol blocks dopamine, the postsynaptic receptors in mesocortical, mesolimbic brain structures, and has a strong anti-psychotic effects. Despite the high antipsychotic activity , The drug combines a moderate sedative and antiemetic effects. Haloperidol has no anticholinergic influence, but causes extrapyramidal disorder. Sedation effect is due to blockade in the reticular Pharmacy alpha-adrenoreceptors. Antiemetic effect of   It achieved a blockade of the vomiting center in the trigger zone. When the blockade of dopamine receptors in gipotalamasu appears galactorrhea and hypothermic influence. When prolonged therapy there is a change endocrine status, it is reduced the production of of gonadotropic of hormones and is amplified the synthesis of prolactin   thanks to the influence on the anterior lobe. Haloperidol decanoate longer-acting in comparison with haloperidol. The drug eliminates persistent personality changes, delusions, hallucinations, delusions, reinforces the interest of the patient to the outside world. Haloperidol is prescribed to patients who have developed resistance to other neuroleptic drugs. The drug has an activating effect on patients. Do of hyperactive children Haloperidol is capable of eliminating behavioral disorders, excess locomotor activity. Therapeutic influence of prolonged forms of the drug lasts up to 6 weeks. Haloperidol is available as a tablet, liquid, droplets.

Indications:

Haloperidol is prescribed for hallucinations , Delirium, acute psychosis, paranoid states , Psychomotor agitation, "steroid" psychosis, alcohol and drug psychosis at agitated depression, mental retardation, Tourette's syndrome , Psychoses, of various origins, with Huntington's chorea , Psychosomatic disorders, stuttering, childhood autism , Hyperactivity in children.

Contraindications:

Haloperidol is not applicable for severe CNS depression, intolerance to the active substance in the pathology of the central nervous system, which is accompanied by extrapyramidal and pyramidal symptoms, and breastfeeding , Hysteria, depression, Parkinson's disease, pregnancy, children under three years. In case of violation of intracardiac conduction, angina, lengthening the interval QT, angle-closure glaucoma, with hypokalemia, decompensated heart disease, epilepsy, hyperthyroidism, renal disease and liver, respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases, alcoholism, prostatic hyperplasia with urinary retention , acute infectious diseases, COPD Haloperidol used with caution.

Side effect:

Nervous system:   drowsiness, headache, agitation, anxiety,   akathisia , Fears, anxiety, exacerbation of of hallucinations, psychoses, lethargy, depression either euphoria , Bouts of of epilepsy, tardive dyskinesia, during prolonged therapy are marked ekstrapiramidnye disorders, tardive dystonia (spasms of eyelids, palpitations blink was, uncontrolled movements of hands, feet, torso, neck), neuroleptic malignant syndrome   (loss of consciousness, incontinence, urination, palpitations or shortness of breath, sweating, unstable blood pressure, arrhythmia, tachycardia , Hyperthermia, epileptic seizures, muscle rigidity). Cardiovascular system:   signs flicker and flutter on the ECG ventricular tachycardia, arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension , Drop in blood pressure. Digestive system: constipation , Dry mouth, loss of appetite, sialoschesis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, disorders of the liver. Bodies of blood:   tendency to monocytosis, erythropenia, agranulocytosis, leukocytosis, leukopenia - are temporary in nature. Urogenital:   priapism, increased libido either reduced potency, violations of of the menstrual cycle at persons of the female sex, hyperprolactinemia . gynecomastia , Pain in the breasts, peripheral edema, with prostatic hyperplasia observed urinary retention. Allergic reactions, photosensitization , Laryngospasm, bronchospasm, maculopapular skin changes, blurred vision, retinopathy, cataracts, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, weight gain, alopecia.

Overdose:

Manifested by tremor, muscle stiffness , Drop in blood pressure. In severe cases is registered shock, respiratory depression, comatose state. Requires gastric lavage, the appointment of of enterosorbents. Norepinephrine and albumin are used to improve blood circulation. Inadmissibility of the use of epinephrine. Antiparkinsonian and central holinoblokatory can reduce the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms.   Dialysis   not has proved its effectiveness.

Mode of application:

Haloperidol is taken orally, with a full glass of milk, water. The initial dose is at 0, 5-5 mg three times a day. In no more than 100 mg per day. The duration of therapy is 2-3 months. The drug is cancel gradually reduce the dosage slowly move on to receive maintenance doses - 5.10 mg per day. Tourette's disease, psychotic disorders in behavior 2-3 times per day 0, 05mg / kg / day, with gradual dose increases to 0, 1, 5 mg once a week to the maximum 0, 075 mg / kg / day. The average single dosage for intramuscular administration is 2-5 mg of haloperidol, the interval between injections - 48 hours. Acute alcoholic psychosis: 5-10 mg intravenously.

Special instructions:

It requires regular monitoring of the level of "liver" sampling, monitoring of the dynamics of an electrocardiogram, blood parameters. Parenteral administering medicament preparation is produced in only under the control attending physician. After achieve a therapeutic effect move on to receive of tableted of forms of the drug. In the case of late registration   dyskinesia   during treatment requires a gradual reduction in dosage until the complete cessation. When taking a hot bath can heat stroke because of the suppression of the peripheral and central regulators, located in the hypothalamus. Requires careful when performing heavy physical work type. Not recommended for use over the counter 'cough' preparations for the entire period of treatment because of the risk of heat stroke, enhance anticholinergic effects. Because of the risk of photosensitivity in patients is necessary to protect exposed skin from the action of sunlight. Haloperidol cancel gradually in mind of risk of development syndrome «the abolition of». Often anti-emetic effect of the drug masks the symptoms drug toxicity And difficult to diagnose conditions that are accompanied by nausea. Haloperidol may precipitate when mixed solution with tea and coffee. Before the appointment of prolonged forms of medicament the patient's translate on Haloperidol with of other of neuroleptics for the prevention of sharp increased sensitivity to the drug. The drug affects the control of motor vehicles.

Drug Interactions:

Haloperidol increases the severity of the oppressive effects of sleeping pills, barbiturates, opioids Tricyclic antidepressants, ethanol, means for general anesthesia on the central nervous system. The drug enhances the effect of antihypertensive drugs, Mr. holinoblokatorov inhibits the metabolism of MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants,   when this mutually increases their toxicity and sedative influence. Buprorion in combination with haloperidol increases the probability of occurrence of large seizures, reduces epileptic threshold. Preparation weakens vasoconstrictive effect of norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dopamine, epinephrine. The medicament reduces efficiency anticonvulsants , Antiparkinsonian, change the effect of anticoagulants. The risk of developing of mental infringements increases when appointing with a preparation of methyldopa,. Amphetamines are able to reduce the impact of antipsychotic haloperidol. By drinking strong coffee, tea marked decrease in the efficiency of haloperidol. Protivoparkinsonicheskogo, antihistamines, anticholinergics increase m-anticholinergic effects of neuroleptics reduce the severity of its antipsychotic effect. With prolonged use inducers of microsomal oxidation, of barbiturates, carbamazepine   reduced concentration neuroleptic levels. In combination with lithium may form encephalopathy, increased severity of extrapyramidal disorders. Fluoxetine   It can increase the severity of extrapyramidal symptoms, side effects of the nervous system. Appointment of drugs that cause extrapyramidal reactions, leads to an increase in the severity and frequency extrapyramidal disorders .