Description overdue on 04/09/2014

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications Mexidol
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Mexidol: method and dosage
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Synonyms
• Babies
• With alcohol
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The preparation in a solution form for injections includes Emoxypine   as active ingredient (50 mg per 1 ml) and auxiliary components:

• sodium metabisulfite;
• water for injections.

The composition of one tablet Mexidol includes 125 mg of active substance (emoxypine), as well as a number of supporting components:

• lactose monohydrate;
• sodium carboxymethylcellulose (carmellose sodium);
• magnesium stearate.

Each tablet coated white or creamy white, consisting of:

• Opadry II White (macrogol, polyethylene glycol);
• polyvinyl alcohol;
• talc;
• titanium dioxide.

Product form

The drug Mexidol has two forms of issuance: ampoules   and in tablets .

Mexidol in ampoules   created for infusions and   Intramuscular injection . The solution was discharged into ampoules of a colorless or light-shielded glass, which breaking point is indicated in blue or white color and three marking rings, the upper of which a yellow, medium - white, lower - red.

The vials have a capacity of 2 or 5 ml and 5 pieces packed in blisters. Cardboard packaging is equipped with 1 or 2 circuits packaging and instructions for medical use of the drug.

For inpatient hospital Mexidol packaged solution for 4, 10 or 20 contour cell packages.

One tablet formulation Meksidol has a weight of 125 mg and intended for oral administration. Tablets produced 10 pieces packed in blisters made of PVC film and aluminum foil or 90 pieces in plastic jars, made of food grade plastic.

For hospitals medical institutions tablets produced in plastic jars made of food grade plastic or 450 to 900 pieces each.

Description of the preparation in a solution form for injections

Meksidol ampoules has the form of a transparent liquid, which can be either colorless or slightly yellowish.

Description tablet form Mexidol

Tablets biconvex, round shaped, film-coated, the color of which can vary from white to white with a little cream shade.

Pharmacological action

Medicine Mexidol belongs to the pharmacological group "means acting on the nervous system."

The product is characterized by:

• antioxidant ;
• antihypoxic ;
• membrane stabilizing ;
• nootropic ;
• anxiolytic properties.

In addition, it has a strong stress-protective effect (i.e., increases resistance to stress ), promotes improve memory It has the ability to prevent or stop attacks seizures And also reduces the concentration of individual fractions lipids   (in particular, LDL ) In various tissues and body fluids.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacological properties Mexidol activity due to being a part emoxypine.

According to Wikipedia   This substance belongs to the category of drugs that prevent or slow down the process of peroxidation membrane lipids   cells.

Emoxypine belongs to a class of 3-hydroxypyridine and a pyridine derivative of general formula C5H4_nN (OH) n.

The substance has the form of colorless crystals, which are characterized by their ability easily to dissolve in ethanol   and acetone Moderately soluble in water and limited - in diethyl ether . benzene   and naphtha .

The mechanism of action is determined by its emoxypine antioxidant   and membranoprotektornym   properties.

Acting as antioxidant He slows down and inhibits oxidative chain reactions, which involve active free radicals Represented by peroxides (RO2 *), alkoxy (RO *) and alkyl (R *) oxygen species.

Thanks to this background of Mexidol:

• increased activity of antioxidant enzymes   superoxide dismutase   (SOD);
• rising ratios proteins   and lipids ;
• reduced viscosities cell membrane   and accordingly increases their fluidity.

The preparation controls and normalizes the activity of membrane bound enzymes (in particular, the main enzyme cholinergic system acetylcholinesterase , Lyase enzyme class adenylate cyclase   and calcium-independent PDE ( phosphodiesterase )), As well as indicators of the activity of the receptor complexes (e.g., complex GABA-benzodiazepine receptor).

As a result:

• at membranosvyazyvayuschih enzymes and receptor complexes increased ability to bind   ligands ;
• maintained normal levels of structural and functional organization biological membranes ;
• normalizes the process of transport neurotransmitters ;
• improves synaptic transmission neurotransmitters .

Pills and injections Mexidol can improve the body's resistance to the influence of different aggressive factors and pathological conditions associated with a deficiency of oxygen.

The product effectively eliminates symptoms caused by oxygen starvation, state of shock . ischemia , Violations Brain circulation And general symptoms of poisoning organism drugs (in particular, resources antipsychotic action ) Or alcohol.

After treatment mexidol (intravenously, intramuscularly, or orally)

• increases the content Dopamine   in the brain;
• During normal   metabolic processes   in the brain;
• normal cerebral blood flow ;
• improving microcirculation ;
• improving blood rheology ;
• reduced aggregation Platelet ;
• stabilize membrane structures postkletochnyh blood ( erythrocyte   and Platelet ) At hemolysis ;
• reduced performance of total cholesterol ;
• reduced LDL content indicators;
• decreases symptoms pancreatogenic toxemia   (total blood poisoning);
• reduced the severity of the syndrome endogenous intoxication Due to acute pancreatitis ;
• enhanced compensatory Activity Aerobic glycolysis ;
• in conditions of oxygen starvation reduces the degree of inhibition of oxidative processes in the citric acid cycle ( Krebs cycle );
• content increases adenosine triphosphate   (ATP) and kreatinfosfornoy acid ( phosphocreatine );
• It activates the synthesis of cellular energy mitochondria ;
• stabilize cell membrane ;
• during normal metabolic processes in the affected ischemia   sections infarction ;
• reduced area of ​​the zone Necrosis ;
• restore and improve electrical activity of the heart   and contractility (patients cardiac dysfunction   reversible type);
• It increases blood flow in the affected ischemia   sections infarction ;
• reduced the severity of the consequences reperfusion syndrome Due acute coronary insufficiency .

Treatment with Mexidol in / in or / m allows you to save ganglion cells , and nerve fiber   sensitive cells retinal   patients with progressive forms neuropathy Induced coronary artery disease   and hypoxia .

At the same time patients have significant increase of the functional activity retinal   and   optic nerve It increases visual acuity.

Anti-stress treatment tablets Mexidol expressed as:

• normalization of behavior after suffering stress ;
• disappearance of symptoms somatovegetativnyh disorders ;
• normalize the cycles of sleep and wakefulness;
• recovery (partial or complete) learning disabilities;
• Recovery of memory;
• reduce the severity of dystrophic and morphological changes in different brain regions.

Also Mexidol a means of effectively eliminating the symptoms that occur when abstinence .

It relieves symptoms intoxication Due alcohol withdrawal   (both neurological and neurotoxic), restores behavioral disturbances, normalizes autonomic functions Removes or reduces the severity of violations cognitive functions Provoked by prolonged alcohol or a sharp denial from him.

Pharmacokinetics

Following intramuscular injection of the active substance is defined Mexidol plasma   for four more hours. The time during which the maximum plasma concentration is from 0 45 to 0 5 hour.

Mexidol fairly rapidly absorbed from the bloodstream to various tissues and organs and as quickly excreted from the body: mean residence time emoxypine ranges from 0 7 to 1, 3 hours.

Emoxypine biotransformation occurs in the liver. As a result, it generated 3-phosphate hydroxypyridin, glucuronyl conjugates and other products metabolism . Moreover, some of them are characterized by the pharmacological activity.

The drug is excreted predominantly in the urine, and, mainly in the form glyukuronkonyugirovannoy. A slight amount of its output unchanged.

According to the annotations to mexidol, significant differences in the pharmacokinetic profile emoxypine when receiving a single dose, and no passage of a course of treatment.

Following oral administration, tablets Mexidol emoxypine rapidly absorbed, quickly distributed in various tissues and organs and is rapidly excreted from the body.

After 4, 9 and 5, 2 hours after administration of the tablet, its active ingredient is not observed in plasma patient.

Following biotransformation in liver   through conjugation with glucuronic acid formed five metabolites . In particular, the phosphate-hydroxypyridin-3, which then decomposes under the action of alkaline phosphatase 3-hydroxypyridin and phosphoric acid.

In addition, large quantities of the pharmacologically active substance is formed, which is determined in the urine of the patient even 24-48 hours after dosing, and two glyukuronkonyugata substance which is excreted in large amounts in the urine.

Mexidol half life after oral administration ranges from 2 to 2 and 6 hours.

The substance appears mainly in urine in the form of metabolites   (especially intensively this process proceeds in the first four hours after admission) and only a small part of it is excreted unchanged.

Indicators of the urinary excretion of the drug in an unmodified form and in the form of products metabolism   characterized by individual variability.

Indications Mexidol

Indications injections Mexidol (intravenously or intramuscularly)

• sharp circulatory disorders in brain ;
• traumatic brain injury   (also injection drug prescribed to relieve or reduce the severity of the consequences of traumatic brain injury);
• slowly progressive impairment of cerebral blood supply ( encephalopathy );
• syndrome neurocirculatory (vascular) Dystonia ;
• mild forms of disorder funktsiiateroskleroticheskoy cognitive nature   origin;
• anxiety disorders that are accompanied by neurotic and neurosis (pseudoneurotic) status;
• sharp myocardial infarction   (the drug is prescribed from the early days in the form of intravenous or intramuscular injection in the complex therapeutic interventions);
• otkratougolnaya glaucoma   primary type (Meksidol ampoules for treatment of a disease at different stages, is considered the most effective in this complex therapy);
• syndrome alcohol withdrawal Characterized by a predominance of pseudoneurotic and vegetative-vascular disorders;
• symptoms   intoxication means antipsychotic action;
• occurring in acute suppurative inflammation   in the abdomen (including necrotizing pancreatitis   or peritonitis ; drug is given in the complex therapeutic measures).

Indications tablets Mexidol:

• the effects of acute disorders of blood circulation in the brain Including the effects of a TIA ( transient ischemic attack ), As well as a prophylactic agent for decompensated disease caused by cerebral ischemia;
• slight traumatic brain injury   and their implications;
• non-inflammatory diseases of the brain ( encephalopathy ) Of various origins (eg, dyscirculatory or traumatic);
• anxiety disorders that are accompanied by neurotic and pseudoneurotic state;
• Coronary artery disease   (in the complex therapeutic interventions);
• syndrome   alcohol withdrawal Manifested mainly in the form pseudoneurotic, vegetative and vascular disorders postabstinent;
• Symptoms of poisoning antipsychotics;
• asthenic syndrome .

Also indication for drugs in tablet form is the presence in the patient simpomokompleksa Due to the influence of stress factors on the body.

Furthermore, prophylactically Meksidol indicated for patients who have a high risk for somatic diseases   due to the impact of extreme factors and loads.

The mechanism of action is determined by its Mexidol antihypoxic . antioxidant   and membranoprotektornym   properties. Therefore, the question "What does the pill Mexidol? "And" When the solution is effective Mexidol? "Meet the experts that the most appropriate and successful use of the drug is considered to be at:

• traumatic brain injuries ;
• epilepsy ;
• convulsions ;
• phobias   and neuroses ;
• IRR ;
• sclerosis ;
• encephalopathies   various etiologies, etc.

Contraindications to Mexidol

Contraindications to the appointment of the drug are:

• hypersensitivity to emoxypine or any of the supporting components;
• acute liver failure ;
• acute renal failure .

Side effects Mexidol

The drug is well tolerated and very rarely provokes certain undesirable effects.

Side effects, which in some cases may be observed after administration Mexidol in the form of a solution:

• attacks nausea ;
• increased dry mucous membranes   oral;
• increased drowsiness ;
• symptoms allergies .

Side effects are potentially possible after taking the pills Mexidol, include:

• Individual reactions dyspeptic character That are manifested as pain or discomfort in the stomach . burp . nausea . Heartburn . bloating , Feelings fullness in the abdomen .   unstable chair   etc..
• Individual reactions dyspeptic character Which are expressed in the form of a strong flatulence , Rumbling in the gut, eating disorders, general weakness, lethargy, etc ..
• Customized allergic reactions .

Also, the drug is sometimes increases or decreases arterial pressure It provokes emotional reactivity, distal hyperhidrosis , Impaired coordination and the process of falling asleep.

Instructions for use Mexidol: method and dosage

Injections Mexidol: instruction manual. As administered intramuscularly and intravenously

A preparation in the form of an injectable solution for intramuscular administration, or into a vein (inkjet method or drip infusion). If Mexidol assigned to intravenous administration, the contents of the vial should be diluted in an isotonic sodium chloride solution.

Inkjet infusion involves injecting a solution for five to seven minutes, drip drug is administered at a rate of forty to sixty drops per minute. Thus the maximum permitted dose not to exceed 1200 mg per day.

Before stabbing intramuscularly or intravenously administered medication should read the instructions. The optimum dosage Mexidol ampoules chosen individually in each case, depending on the patient's diagnosis and course of the illness.

Dosing Mexidol in solution form

Acute circulatory disorders of the brain From 200 to 500 mg in the vein drip two to four times a day for 10-14 days.

Further, the drug should be administered intramuscularly. As indicated in the instruction, this method of treatment is the most effective. Solution is administered intramuscularly at two weeks, one or two times a day in a dose of from 200 to 250 mg.

Elimination of the consequences traumatic brain injury : Drip drug is administered at a dose of 200 to 500 mg. Multiplicity of introduction - from 2 to 4, the duration of treatment - from 10 to 15 days.

Slowly progressive lack of cerebral circulation at the stage of decompensation: the drug is administered by drip or spray once or twice a day for two weeks.

Dose selected individually and ranges from 200 to 500 mg. Further treatment involves administering intramuscular injection: in the next 14 days, the patient is administered 100 to 250 mg per day Mexidol.

As a preventive agent vascular encephalopathy Drug is prescribed for administration intramuscularly, the daily dose is from 400 to 500 mg, frequency of administration - 2, the duration of the therapeutic course - two weeks.

Easy violation cognitive functions elderly patients and anxiety disorder: the solution is injected intramuscularly, the daily dose ranges from 100 to 300 mg, of the therapeutic course duration - from two weeks to one month.

The acute form myocardial infarction   (in combination with other therapeutic measures) : Medicine is injected into the muscle or vein during two weeks in combination with conventional measures are taken for the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction .

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oral  

Overdose

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Cooperation

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Pyracetam   Nootropil   brain.

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Pyracetam .

Aktovegin   Aktovegin

Aktovegin Glucose hypoxia   metabolism .

antihypoxant . Aktovegin   diabetes . stroke At . .   and     etc.

  used Vinpocetine   . and effect.

Besides that, Vinpocetine brain Platelet

Terms of sale

Storage conditions

Shelf life

Cautions

asthma

psychomotor reactions   .

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Mexicor stroke .

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Synonyms

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antioxidant   action. .   .   etc.

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hepatoprotective   and intoxication  

brain   and liver intoxication  

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cirrhosis  

Gestation   and lactation   pregnant   and

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hypoxia . brain  

antioxidant agent  

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sleepiness . nausea and headaches .