April 6, 2012

It is proved that syphilis   is the most common ailment among venereal disease - the most common sexually transmitted disease. When syphilis occurs damage several internal organs and skin. Especially suffering from diseases cardiovascular system, the stomach and the liver also affects the mucous membranes, nervous and bone and joint system.

Syphilis - this is a common venereal disease, which in the absence of proper treatment can last for many years. For syphilis is characterized by undulating development, while latent phase of the disease alternate phases of exacerbation. When the active form of syphilis disease symptoms appear on the skin and on the mucous membranes of the body. At the same time when a hidden period of syphilis clinical symptoms of the disease do not manifest themselves.

The spread of of syphilis

To date, the incidence of syphilis in men and women is constantly increasing. The causative agent of the disease is pale treponema . This very moving microbe has a spiral shape. During microbial growth begins to divide into parts. Propagated pale treponema for thirty-three hours. If for reproduction microbe conditions of unsuitable, something is happening rebirth treponemy, after which she is saved in the cysts and in the L-forms.

Syphilis is transmitted primarily sexually . In the mucosa of the genitals, mouth, rectum always present small defects, and through which there is an infection. In more rare cases possible   Household path   of infection during direct contact with someone who has syphilis. Very rarely syphilis infection occurs through a variety of everyday objects - in this case we are talking about the so-called domestic syphilis. Objects, which is transmitted through the home syphilis, should be contaminated with detachable elements syphilitic patient.

In addition, get infected can a child from the sick mother, either vnutriutrbno Or during childbirth . Moreover, infection can occur during breastfeeding.

From the point of view of the theoretical possibility of infection with syphilis and during blood transfusion and organ transplant donors. However, in practice, such a phenomenon is possible because in the health care environment is thoroughly tested organs and blood.

The course of syphilis

The course of syphilis usually divided into incubation period , and primary . secondary   and tertiary   periods.

Duration incubation period   usually lasts about a month. This is the time of contracting the disease before the patient chancre . If a person parallel to the is treated antibiotics   from some other disease, the incubation period of syphilis can be extended. In the given period get infected with syphilis from person can not be, therefore at serologicheskoj reaction of blood the result will be negative.

With primary syphilis   pale treponema begin to multiply rapidly in the place where they entered the body. On this place appears a small ulcer, which has a smooth and equal the bottom. In some cases, you may receive several round ulcers. This is a chancre. Such an ulcer does not bring noticeable discomfort and pain, therefore, very often people do not notice its occurrence. About a month later the ulcer disappears without treatment, can only small scar . But this syphilis in the human body continues to grow. In primary syphilis patient can already infect other people, even though signs of syphilis are expressed more softly. A certain portion of the bacteria contained in the chancre, begin to migrate to the lymph nodes, which are located nearby. At the same time the lymph nodes are enlarged, but the pain is not observed. Further, the bacteria enter the blood stream and blood flow throughout the body of man.

Already in the sixth-seventh week after infection syphilis can be detected, since the reaction Wasserman becomes positive.

Signs   secondary syphilis   begin to appear in a patient in different periods - after about 2-10 weeks after infection. On human skin on all body may occur nodules . pustules . spots . However, such phenomena rarely disturb the patient and they disappear on their own without treatment within a few weeks. At this stage, the beginning of the secondary latent syphilis. For recurrent secondary syphilis is characterized by the return of signs of syphilis: a person changes the skin on different areas, characterized by hair loss, the appearance of small spots on the neck. At the same time all these elements are a very contagious, however of pain they do not cause. At this time, there is the highest risk of infection from syphilis in human life. For the disease at this stage is characterized by undulating course: syphilis symptoms appear and disappear again. This disease can last for even a few years. At carrying out of of serological reactions the blood they will be positive.

In tertiary stage   the disease is the formation of foci   ( gummas ) In the bones, skin, internal organs, eyes. Later, these pockets of decay, and thus occurs and partial destruction of the organ in which they appeared. In a particularly advanced stage disease is ulceration of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, hard and soft palate. Very often a person comes the defeat of the nasal septum, resulting in the nose falls. However, the most terrible consequences of syphilis is the destruction of nerve cells as the brain and spinal cord. A person can develop paralysis . dementia . The development of tertiary syphilis in men and women occurs after 5-10 years after cases of infection, sometimes this stage may come later. Serological tests of blood at this point there are weak positive or negative.

Congenital syphilis

Transmission of syphilis in women during pregnancy   It happens through the placenta already with 10 weeks pregnancy. In most cases, the infection of the fetus occurs 4-5 months pregnant. The most frequently (practically in all cases) infection of the fetus is happening, if at the woman has a the place secondary syphilis. When the late forms of the disease in utero infection occurs less often. Very rarely syphilis is transmitted from mother to unborn child, patients with primary syphilis.

After intrauterine infection has occurred, the fetus sometimes die, and there is termination of pregnancy. There is also the possibility of the birth of a dead child in time. Newborn can survive, but grow it will have to show signs of syphilis. The manifestation of syphilis in children aged from one to two years, similar to the symptoms of secondary syphilis.

Symptoms of syphilis

The main the first symptom of of syphilis in men and women is a described above solid chancre. It can appear virtually anywhere in the body, which has taken root pathogen. The chancre can have different sizes: 1-3 mm (so-called dwarf chancre) to 2 or more centimeters (giant chancre).

In addition, in the end of of primary period of syphilis some patients complain of general malaise, headache, lack of appetite, soreness of joints and bones. Periodically the body temperature may increase up to 38 degrees. It is also likely manifestation indurative swelling of the genitals.

In the secondary period of syphilis on the skin appear multiple syphilitic rash. These rashes may occur anywhere and they disappear without a trace. The most common manifestation of secondary syphilis is considered spotty rash that emerges symmetrically, very bright and exuberant. Approximately two months later it disappears. At relapse of syphilis already appear less bright rashes. They mostly occur at those places where the mechanical action on the skin: in the inguinal folds under the breasts, the mucous membranes and others. Often such rash connected papular sifilit   - Rash in the form of nodules. Furthermore, when syphilis relapse often occurs alopecia of the scalp and other skin integument nestled hair. Perhaps as a focal and continuous baldness.

Most of the patients in the secondary period of syphilis do not notice violation of general condition. Rarely fights headaches, increased body temperature.

Sometimes there headache , Rise in temperature, malaise, loss of appetite.

Patients at the stage of tertiary syphilis lesions often appear as nodes or bumps. Later bumps regress or softened, and in their place appear sifilisnoy ulcers. As a result, destroyed tissue.

Diagnosis of syphilis

To install the diagnosis «syphilis», the doctor examines in detail data of the anamnesis, as well also appoints the carrying out of of laboratory and clinical study.

With the help of laboratory analysis conducted research chancre discharge, erosion, papules, whose origin can be syphilitic. Very often, the symptoms of syphilis may resemble symptoms of other diseases. Therefore, to confirm the diagnosis is necessary to conduct specific laboratory diagnosis. For this applies serologic analysis of a blood By which one can determine the presence of antibodies Produced by the body to fight against Treponema pallidum. In addition, a Wasserman   - A special study of the blood from the cubital vein.

Method may also be used immunofluorescence Which is based on the presence of specific emission pale treponem in the fluorescence microscope. By reaction of immobilization pale treponem can recognize false positive result RVs that sometimes occurs in healthy people.

Individually doctor can prescribe also computed tomography   and other methods of investigation, but this rarely occurs.

Complications of syphilis

The most serious consequences of syphilis is primarily central lesion . It is fraught with the manifestation meningitis . neuritis . Hydrocephalus . Very often, patients with impaired functioning of neurosyphilis hearing   and of view .

Quite often, as the effects of syphilis appears osteoarthritis . Cardiovascular system is also subjected to complications: sometimes manifests itself syphilitic myocarditis , Later is violated the functioning of of valves of the aorta, periodically arise bouts of angina . As a result of impaired blood flow in a patient comes myocardial infarction .

The Work of the respiratory system prevents the cough, breathlessness Perhaps the manifestation of symptoms tuberculous pneumonia . Gastrointestinal tract amazes   syphilitic gastritis . While the impact of the disease on the liver may manifest symptoms hepatitis . Perhaps the emergence of hepatic Coma Leading to death.

Often, as a complication in patients with syphilis develop balanitis . balanoposthitis . phimosis . gangrenizatsiya . When defective treatment of the disease disease becomes the tertiary stage of syphilis, and subsequently result in death. Therefore, it is important to complete the diagnosis and treatment of syphilis in both sexual partners.

Treatment of syphilis

First of all, it is important to consider that treatment for syphilis should be comprehensive and at the same time the patient should be fully dolechit. It is important that treatment for syphilis conducted by specialists narrow profile, that is, skin and venereal diseases. In addition, therapy should begin the process as early as possible. Self-medication in this case is absolutely unacceptable.

The most important part of a comprehensive treatment of syphilis in men and women is treated with antibiotics . These drugs are effective in all stages of syphilis. The most effective treatment for syphilis therapy is water-soluble penicillins That helps to ensure the desired concentration of the antibiotic in the blood. It does not matter the way of contracting the disease: using antibiotics and cured syphilis, which is sexually transmitted, syphilis and home.

However, even with antibiotic treatment recovery of damages that have arisen in the last stage of syphilis, is not going to happen, and the consequences of syphilis remain forever. Sometimes used in the treatment of syphilis and other drugs, antibiotics, e.g., ceftriaxone .

In parallel to the process of the treatment applied immunotentiation . antiallergic agents And the appointment of vitamin complexes . In general, the administration of these drugs for the treatment of syphilis doctor must take into account the individual characteristics of the course of syphilis in men and women. Furthermore, methods of treatment of syphilis depends on what stage of the disease occurs in a patient.

After the main course of treatment for syphilis is important to monitor the patient's laboratory for one year. To do this, an analysis of PB.

Prevention of syphilis

To prevent the disease, it is important, above all, responsible to the choice of sexual partners. It must be remembered that the most dangerous is the contact with a person who has already appeared rash. In no case should not be allowed unprotected sex. In addition, limitation of the number of sexual partners, as well as their a responsible sexual behavior significantly reduces the risk of the disease. But the most correct approach to the prevention of syphilis are considered to be a healthy relationship with a single sexual partner.

If you are forced to close contact with someone who is sick with syphilis, it is important to take all measures to the disease does not spread. It is enough to observe all rules of hygiene, and avoid close physical contact with an infectious patient. If you follow all these rules, the risk of infection decreases markedly.

It is important to remember the prevention of syphilis in the case of high-risk sexual contact. If there is a suspicion that there has been contamination of the disease as early as possible to carry out preventive therapy (it is desirable to do so no later than two hours after sexual intercourse). Several weeks later, it is imperative to make all necessary laboratory investigations.

All patients with syphilis in the special account for them and carried out follow-up after treatment. In addition, the mandatory serological survey carried out in pregnant women to prevent the unborn child congenital syphilis.