Description overdue on 08/20/2014

• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Articaine (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Active substance - 40 mg artikaina hydrochloride.

Auxiliary ingredients: 2, 1 mg sodium chloride   and before 1 ml of water for injections.

Product form

The domestic pharmaceutical industry produces drug Articaine in the form of an injectable solution containing 40 mg / 1 ml of the active substance.

One package contains 5 or 10 ampoules of 2 ml.

Pharmacological action

Valium.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Articaine is derived thiophene   and has a local anesthetic effect. Is used for wires and infiltration anesthesia . Articaine exposed hydrolysis   a slightly alkaline environment to release base fabrics possessing lipophilic, and therefore easily penetrates the cell membrane into the nerve fibers.

Affecting the receptors, blocking the delivery Sodium ion   the cell and the conduction of impulses along nerve fibers. Actions of the drug is observed immediately after injection and lasts 1 to 3 hours. Efficiency is reduced in an acidic medium.

In intramuscular Cmax achieved after 20 - 40 minutes.

When administered by the oral mucosa exhibits high diffusivity.

The plasma protein binds 95%.

It is metabolized in the liver, T? About 60 - 80 minutes.

For 6 hours kidneys displayed on 54 - 63%.

May penetrate the placenta (to a lesser degree than other local anesthetics), penetrates the blood-brain barrier in a minor amount. With thoracal milk practically does not stands out.

Indications

Articaine is used for local anesthesia, mainly during dental procedures.

Contraindications

• Children under 4 years of age;
• Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of amide groups;
• paroxysmal tachycardia;
• B12-deficiency anemia   (megaloblastic);
• angle-closure glaucoma;
• atrial tachyarrhythmia;
• bronchial asthma;
• chronic hypoxia.

C care to appoint:

• pathologies of the CNS;
• at pseudocholinesterase deficiency;
• at pernicious anemia;
• at hypoxia.

Side effects

Peripheral and central nervous system:

• headache;
• dyspnea;
• blurred vision;
• sleep apnea;
• muscle twitching;
• tremor;
• convulsions;
• diplopia;
• impaired consciousness.

Cardiovascular system:

• bradycardia;
• a tachycardia;
• decrease in blood pressure.

Digestive system:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• vomiting.

Allergic symptoms:

• itching;
• skin rash;
• angioedema;
• very rarely - anaphylactic shock.

Instructions for use Articaine (method and dosage)

Instructions on Articaine dentistry involves dosing regime, depending on the severity of the procedure, the time of its implementation and tolerability of the patient.

The maximum single dose of the drug is - 6 mg per kilogram body weight.

To carry out surgery, which requires more time than is available Articaine, combined drug use - Articaine Inibsa Containing as active ingredients - Articaine and Epinephrine . Epinephrine manifests vasoconstrictive effect in a place introduction of a preparation, thereby increases the time its absorption, lengthening action of.

Drug Usage Articaine Epinephrine   Dental recommends the following doses of medicament.

When the procedure of removing the upper teeth without complications and inflammation - 1, 7 ml per one tooth, with the ineffectiveness of yet - 1 ml - 1, 7 ml.

When palatal incision or suture - 0, 1 ml.

When the turning of the teeth to install crowns or cavities make dissection vestibular injection at a dose of 0, 5 ml - 1, 7 ml to each tooth.

When the procedure of removal of mandibular premolars without complications spend infiltration anesthesia Which acts on the conductive type of anesthesia.

The maximum dose for adult patients of dentistry - 7 mg per kilogram body weight. For pediatric patients older than 4 years - 5 mg per kilogram body weight.

Overdose

If overdose is manifested dizziness, loss of consciousness, motor agitation, lowering blood pressure, bradycardia, tachycardia.

In the case of the first symptoms of overdose during the procedure of administration, it is necessary to interrupt the injection, put the patient in a horizontal position, keep the airway, as well as control of blood pressure and heart rate.

When apnea and shortness of breath   shown oxygen, if necessary endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.

In convulsions recommend a slow intravenous Short-acting barbiturates   in parallel with the ongoing inhalation of oxygen, under the control of hemodynamics.

In severe circulatory disorders and phenomena shock   carry out an intravenous infusion plasma substitutes and electrolytes , Lead glucocorticoids and Albumin.

When increasing bradycardia, and cardiovascular collapse   administered an intravenous injection Epinephrine   (0, 1 mg) with slow administration. If necessary, continue to enter Epinephrine   as an infusion under the control of blood pressure and heart rate.

Cooperation

Local anesthetics reinforce effects of drugs, oppressive central nervous system.

With the introduction of artikaina patients who receive Acetylsalicylic acid   or Heparin , Increases the risk of local bleeding.

Narcotic analgesics   potentiate the action of local anesthetics and can lead to respiratory depression.

When combined with the application miorelaxanthami   possible extension and strengthening of their actions.

At a joint appointment with antimiastenicheskimi   drugs Articaine reveals antagonism   in relation Actions on muscles skeleton, in peculiarities when using high doses (requires correction therapy myasthenia ).

Cholinesterase inhibitors   can slow the metabolism of articaine.

Vasoconstrictors   increase and enhance the effect of articaine.

Terms of sale

Prescription.

Storage conditions

The temperature is not above 25 ° C.

Shelf life

5 years.

Cautions

With chronic hypoxia, pseudocholinesterase deficiency, diseases of the central nervous system, vegetative-vascular dystonia, pernicious anemia   Articaine can be used only on strict conditions and with extreme caution.

The drug may be administered in combination with a solution Glucose   and Epinephrine.

When used in dentists recommend meal only after complete restoration of sensitivity.

Analogs

• Lidocaine;
• Ultrakain;
• Bupivacaine;
• Marcaine;
• Mepivacaine   etc.

Babies

Do not administered to patients under the age of 4 years.

During pregnancy (and lactation)

When used in the period pregnancy   may fetal bradycardia.

Perhaps the appointment of during lactation, so-as the Articaine penetrates into the mother's milk in insignificant quantity.

Reviews

Subject to the dentist and the patient all the recommendations and contraindications for use, drug Articaine has a high efficiency and absence of side effects. Before use, the patient must immediately inform your doctor about all the chronic and acute diseases occurring in a given time or observed in the past. In turn, the physician should make an allergic sample What to avoid severe adverse reactions.

Price artikaina, where to buy

The approximate price of the drug Articaine (2 ml ampoules №10) of domestic production in the pharmacy network is - 270 rubles.